Congenital Penile Curvature

Congenital penile curvature is a condition in male children where the penis is curved downward, upward, or to the side from birth. It usually occurs without hypospadias and arises from developmental differences in the underlying penile tissues, particularly the spongy tissues or connective tissue.

Causes
The cause of congenital penile curvature generally lies in an imbalance during the structural development of the penis:

• Shorter tissue fibers on one side of the penis

• Disproportionate growth of spongy tissues (corpus spongiosum and corpus cavernosum)

• Asymmetric development of subcutaneous connective tissue

This condition is present at birth and may become more noticeable as the child grows.

Symptoms

• Penis curved downward, upward, or sideways

• Curvature becomes more pronounced during erections

• Usually painless, but severe curvature may cause sexual function issues later in life

• Generally does not affect urination, but severe curvature can alter the urine stream

Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually made through physical examination.
Although it can be noticed in infancy, curvature often becomes clearer as the child grows.
In some cases, the degree of curvature is assessed using an erection test, typically under anesthesia.

Treatment
Treatment is planned according to the degree of curvature:

• Mild curvature (less than 30°): Usually does not require surgery; regular monitoring is sufficient

• Moderate to severe curvature: Surgical correction is recommended if cosmetic appearance or future sexual function may be affected

Surgical Treatment (Plication Surgery)

• Surgery is generally performed between ages 3–6 or during the preschool period

• Shortened tissues on the curved side are relaxed or the opposite side is shortened to achieve symmetry

• Usually completed in a single-stage procedure with a high success rate

Postoperative Course

• The child is usually discharged the same day or the next day

• Normal activities can be resumed within a few days

• No permanent deformity or functional loss is expected after correction

Conclusion
Congenital penile curvature can be permanently corrected with timely surgical intervention.
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for both cosmetic appearance and future sexual function.
At our clinic, children are treated safely and aesthetically using modern surgical techniques.